Allow me to express inarticulate incoherent screams of rage and, and, and ...I am disappointedly resigned to the repackaging of universal design as a upper middle class privilege that goes hand in hand with the desire to age in place.
This is what I think happened. Somehow or other, the products and designs of the early universal designers were ugly. Unbelievably ugly -- because they focused on functionality. This was important because functionality was missing. And the disabled people involved in the early years of universal design recognized that for access to be widespread, the solutions had to be functional across a wide range of bodies, cheap to build and install, and durable. Form had to meet function; there were issues of justice and principle at stake.
From the outside, however, these initial solutions looked/look very different. If you didn't/don't have access to the thinking, an awareness of the history, and/or a commitment to the principle, the solutions could look very different. They could look UGLY. And, I would argue, that principles aside, these days, regardless of your commitment to disability rights, there is still an aesthetic argument to be made that the early solutions were the medical model of design and style.
In the early years, people were still figuring out the hows -- the how could we make this happen, how to address that disability? What could they do that the disabled person, an institution, and/or a business could afford? What were the viable options? The result: UGLY, but functional (mostly, sort of) design. And really, it didn't matter. People needed to be focused on environmental barriers and bodily needs; they needed to create low budget but effective solutions. Their solutions were cost effective, but ugly.
This was because, on the one hand, disability was seen as a niche market; few takers, not much need, no real understanding of disabled people as needing much more than functionality in their functional environments. It is easy to see how a kind of slippery slope came about. The clients were disabled; they should be lucky they have access; never mind about ugly access. Besides, even given the rules and regulations -- more accurately guidelines -- of the ADA and equivalent legislation -- everyone understands that, for the most part, each solution is going to be different.
Personalized, individual solutions were necessary, yes; standards were available, yes; but somehow the beauty got left behind. Disabled people didn't want aesthetics to limit access. No use having a pretty house if you can't get in the door, pee, cook .... There's no point in having beauty if your local businesses state they can't afford the design solution.
I understand how and why it happened. That doesn't excuse what happened next/is happening now. The baby boomers are retiring. This is a demographic segment that has come to be marketed as a privileged group. According to marketing experts, advertising groups, housing builders, vacation industry types, etc. etc., this segment expects (I should say up until 4 months ago) to retire in a wealthy-ish manner. They were presented to us and to themselves -- even though it wasn't true for everyone -- as perhaps the most wealthy group of retirees ever. They are, supposedly, a group that has "earned" and come to expect the best, the luxury, the privilege... And now this group of baby boomers has suddenly discovered that not even they can avoid aging. As they look around themselves at the products and environments for aging, they have discovered a distasteful world in which the threat of disability is around every corner.
"Aging in Place" is not just a recent buzzword/catch-phrase; it is a movement with its own
national council. It is a philosophy of products and lifestyle that will enable senior citizens to live independently for as long as they can. It is a promise of freedom, of maintained lifestyle, of independence, value, and, cynically, it is a rich vein for entrepreneurs. It is
NOT, however, anything to do with disability per se. Yes, I know. It looks like a duck, quacks like a duck, and eats duck food, but it turns out to be a swan. As marketed to retirees, the aging in place movement slides gracefully over disability, disability rights, the independent living movement, the history and the politics, the sacrifice and the courage. It stands upon all of this work without acknowledging the debt and moves to this:
Today's
New York Times sports 2 articles on universal design. The
first is an aging in place thing -- baby boomers find UD ugly, want highend UD to go with their Gaggenau kitchen appliances (your basic electric cooktop starts at around 3K: *that* kind of high end. The one in the article is a cheerful $5, 600 (Gaggenau donated many products), but you could buy a cheaper one for $680... but really who'd want that?) and color changing aroma therapy bathtubs. No one wants to age in a place that looks like a rehab institution.
Oh, true! But one could ask also why rehab institutions are ugly. Could it possibly be because the larger markets have neglected universal design as a viable aesthetic choice, because architects and designers see only the functional? Because the money and will have not been there to design beautiful functionality? Because the humanity has not been there to understand the value of beauty? Because there is an implicit understanding that beauty is the province of those who can afford it? Michael Graves alone is not enough to change the world.
The
second piece is about universal design (versus aging in place): a French wheelchair user brings US-based universal design principles back to his home outside Paris. It goes on to talk about all the things M. Prodel has done for his place. Some of them are relatively small -- height of outlets and switches; others are more substantial -- an elevator and 20ft pool in a heated spa room. Throughout, the article stresses relative unfamiliarity of universal design principles in France, the stylish nature of M. Prodel's house (modern and minimalist), the rarity of such projects, and the pressures on M. Prodel to help/advise others: the "my x is in a wheelchair, too!" syndrome (my phrasing).
Reading between the lines, I see a real difference here in architectural clients. Nowhere is the cost of M. Prodel's project splashed about -- in fact, reading between the lines, I get the impression that though M. Prodel is obviously wealthy enough to buy and renovate the place, he is not doing a "high end" splashy renovation where the cost and high endedness are the message: UD is not scrubby. Rather, the project and any possible "luxuries", 4 years in the making so far, seem to be tailored to his needs. If M. Prodel spends 600K USD or more, it won't be because he felt the need to show what he could afford; it will be because the UD movement has to move beyond functionality and because designers and architects have to understand that beauty without function is no longer a winning proposition for ANY segment of the market. M. Prodel has sophisticated tastes and complicated needs; his house reflects that.
I have some investment in this whole issue. I know first hand that an accessible renovation is pricey. Very pricey. I know what these things cost, and I know that part of the cost is simply from the fact that it will be years, probably, before my contractor builds and installs stuff like this and that it will be years, probably, before Mr. A is asked to design stuff like what I want. Part of my point is that I should not have had to ask him to design ex nihilo; it should have been available, and it should have been beautiful.
When so many disabled people are unable to get suitable housing (by whatever means), it seems insensitive at the very least to trumpet high end semi accessible (for this is not currently accessible for the most part -- the 600K only means that it can be made wheelchair accessible should the need arise) housing as a fashion statement/buzzword. Where is the justice in that? When the lucky baby boomers who can afford it retire to their purple tubs, who will offer non-institutional residences to those whose bank balances are smaller or to those who fought for justice and equal access, who fought to bring universal design to the forefront and received no payment for it?